In paediatric patients, a first-time patella dislocation typically occurs due to an injury or sudden movement, causing the kneecap to move out of place, while recurrent patella dislocations happen when the knee becomes more susceptible to dislocating again after the initial incident, often with less force required.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease: This condition in children and adolescents involves inflammation and pain at the tibial tuberosity, the bony bump below the knee. It’s often caused by repetitive stress on the growth plate in the area, especially in active children.

Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome: Similar to Osgood-Schlatter, this syndrome occurs in growing children and involves pain and inflammation at the lower part of the kneecap, often related to repetitive stress or overuse, particularly in sports that involve jumping and running.

In children, “bowed knees” (genu varum) refers to a condition where the legs curve outward, creating a noticeable gap between the knees when standing straight. “Knocked knees” (genu valgum) is the opposite, where the knees angle inward and touch each other while the ankles remain apart. Both conditions are common in childhood development and usually correct themselves over time, but severe cases may require medical intervention.

In children, an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture involves the tearing of the ACL, a key ligament in the knee, often due to sudden stops, changes in direction, or direct impacts. This injury can cause knee instability, pain, and swelling, and is a concern in paediatric sports medicine.

In children, a meniscal tear refers to an injury to the meniscus, the cartilage in the knee joint that acts as a shock absorber. This type of tear can result from twisting or turning quickly, often during sports, leading to pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the knee.

The tibial tuberosity is a bony prominence located just below the knee joint, and it serves as the attachment point for the patellar tendon. Injuries or conditions related to the tibial tuberosity can include Osgood-Schlatter disease, where there is inflammation and pain at this site due to repetitive stress on the growth plate, especially in active children.

Jumpers Knee, also known as Patella Tendonitis, is a condition that affects the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). In paediatric patients, particularly in active individuals involved in sports like basketball or volleyball, this condition can occur due to repetitive jumping and landing. It leads to pain and inflammation in the front of the knee. Treatment typically involves rest, physical therapy, and modifying activity to allow the tendon to heal properly and reduce strain on it.

Patella Tendon Rupture in paediatric patients is a severe injury involving a complete tear of the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). This injury can result from sudden forceful contractions of the quadriceps muscles or a direct impact to the knee. It leads to a loss of knee extension and difficulty in walking. Patella tendon ruptures in children often require surgical repair followed by rehabilitation to regain knee function and strength.

Genu Varus, commonly known as “bow-legged” or Blount’s Disease in paediatric patients, is a condition where the legs appear to curve outward at the knees, creating a distinct bow-legged appearance. Blount’s Disease is a more severe and pathological form of genu varus and typically develops during early childhood. It results from abnormal growth at the upper part of the tibia (shinbone) and can lead to deformity if left untreated. Management may involve bracing or surgical intervention in severe cases to correct the alignment of the legs.

Genu Valgus, commonly known as “knocked knees,” is a condition in paediatric patients where the knees angle inward and touch each other while the ankles remain apart, resulting in a noticeable gap between the ankles. This condition is often seen in young children as part of their normal growth and development and typically corrects itself as they grow older. However, severe or persistent cases may require medical evaluation and possible intervention to address the alignment of the legs.